ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

1.       Advebial clause of Place,Time,Reason,and Contrast

      An adverbial may be a single word such as quickly,here or yesterday ; a pharase such as the day before yesterday or to see my mother;or a clause,containing a subject and a full verb. Look at the examples.

Adverb:                                                I went to the hospital yesterday                                               (SIMPLE SENTENCE)

Adverb phrase:                 I went to the hospital after office hours                                (SIMPLE  SENTENCE)

Adverbial clauses             I went to the hospital after I finished my work   (COMPLEX SENTECE)

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

TYPES	SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS	EXAMPLES
Place	WHERE,WHEREVER	·         He is  swimming where all athletes are swimming there
Time	After, as soon as, Before, Since, Until, When, as long as	·         He is swimming until he is tired ·         When I was in high school, I had two close friends ·         As long as someone has good social skills, he will succeed as a leader
Reason	as, Because, Since	·         He is study hard because he want to pass exam ·         Many people resent graffiti since some of the drawings are gross and improper
Contrast	Although, Even though, Whereas, While, Despite	·         He is swimming although it is raining hard ·         Men often see women as potential lovers while women see their male friends as true friends

v  Adverbial Clause Of Contrast

Ø  Concessive

A concessive adverbial clause of contrast shows unexpected results.

A comma is NOT USED when the main clause comes first.

Conjunctions: although, even though, despite the fact that

Examples:

-          Although Bubu  is only a puppy , he understands verbal instructions.

-          Bubu climbs skillfully although he is not a cat

Ø  ADVERSATIVE

An adversative adverbial clause of contrast shows direct opposition.

A comma is USED although the main clause comes first.

Conjunction: While, Whereas

Examples:

-          Meong eats fish, whereas Guguk prefers dog biscuits

2.       Adverbial Clause of purpose and Result

An adverbial clause of purpose use  when you wish to express the purpose of an action. It is common to use to-infinitive to state a purpose. In formal writing,however, In order to,so that, in order that and so as to are often use.

·         Many giant motor manufacturers are working in serious projects in order that consumers are able to enjoy hybrid cars as soon as possible

·         The climate in  Jakarta is so hot so that people consider buying air conditioner

Adverbial clause of result

An adverbial clause of result is used to indicate the result of an action or situation. The independent clause is introduce by conjuctions such as so … that and such…..that

·         Rara studied so hard that she got sick

·         Rara studied such a hard way that she got sick

3.       Adverbial Clause of Condition

Type 1: Present Real (review)

·         If the train does not arrive on  time, I’m gonna be very late

·         They can be successful if they want to learn

·         We will definitely get lost if you leave us here

·         Will you come to his house if he invites you?

Type 2: Present unreal(review)

Conditional clause type 2 is used to talk about a situation that is contrary to fact-a situation.

Examples:

·         If Mr. and Mrs. Santoso weren’t  such loving  parents, they wouldn’t care about Bima.

Fact:  Mr. and Mrs santoso are loving parents, so they care about Bima.

·         Bima would be jealous of his brother if he didn’t have strong emotional intelligences.

Fact: Bima has strong emotional intelligences, so he’s not jealous

Look at the pattern

IF-CLAUSE	Result Clause
IF  + simple past tense	Would/could + infinitive  without to
IF Mr. and Mrs. Santoso weren’t such loving parents,	They wouldn’t care about Bima
If Bima didn’t have strong emotional intelligene	He would be jealou of his brother

Type 3: Past Unreal

·         It’s our own faulth.If you had done your homework, our teacher wouldn’t have punished you this morning

(FACT :YOU DID NOT DO YOUR HOMEWORK,SO OUR TEACHER PUNISHED YOU THIS MORNING)

·         The shopkeepers wouldn’t hae have been able to complete the railroad project if the hinese immigrants hadn’t come

·         If strobridge hadn’t used nitroglycerin, many people wouldn’t have been killed

Past perfect + would have + V3

Mixed type

·         If they had not built cipularang toll road, We would still have to take the old route via cipans or purwkarta

1&3 Past perfect+Would have

The Truth About Lying – by John Boe

      Thre are some people who can’t tell a lie, many who can’ttell the truth, and unfortunately, most people can’t tell the difference.Can yu tell when someone is pulling the wool over your eyes? When we were children, we were raised to tell the truth and taught that honesty is always the best policy. We were told stories  about George Washington and Honest Abe Lincoln to reinforce the virtue of truthfulness. However,as we grew older,we realized that the truth sometimes hurts and that few relationship could survie the harsh reality of brutal honesty. To keep from hurting others, we learned the usefulness of telling “white lie” On the other hand, self –serving lies can be damaging and are frequently used for personal gain or to avoid punishment.

   Scientists looking for a reliable way to expose liars invented the polygraph machine, also known as the lie detector, in the 1920’s.While certainly not a perfect machine,it is estimated that the lie detector has aninety percent accuracy rate. While polygraph evidence is not permitted in a courtroom,the CIA,FBI,police,and employers routinely use it as an interviewing tool. In addition to using a lie detector,many law enforcement agencies videotape interviews in order to evaluate body language gesture indetail. Gestures or expressions that occur in less than one second are called micro gestures. Micro gesturea are extremely difficult to abserve unless they have been recored on videotape and played back in slow motion. Body language axperts have identified and categorized thousands of hman gestures and their associated meaning. It might surprise you to know that research indicates over 65% of our communication is done nonverbally. In fact,studies show that nonverbal communication is done nonverbally. In fact,studied show that nonverbal ommunication has much greater impact and reliability than the spoken word.

    Body language is a complex mixture of movement,posture, and tone of voice. Developing a working understanding of body language is similar to learning a foreign language in that it requires time and effort to achieve mastery. Typically,when someone is lying,they subdue their gesture and avoid direct eye contact,or have what is termed,”shifty eyes”. The three primary facial gesture associated with lying are called;”speak no evil,see no evil,and hear no evil.”the “speak no evil”gesture is when someone filters their words through their fingers or use theit hand to block their word. The gesture”see no evil”occurs when an idividal rubs their eyes while they are talking. The third facial gesture,”hear no eil”,occurs when a person covers their ears or drills their finges into their ear a they are speaking.The two,less obvious lying gestures are micro gestures,which require close abservation to detect. The first of these subtl,but important micro gestures is a nose wrinkle. This is the same gesture that accurs naturally when you smell something offensive. The other facial micro gesture that is used to detect lying is slight downward curl of the corners f the mounth. People sometimes lie,although their body language always tells the truth