Nama : Innasya Kusumadewi

Kelas : 4EA21

NPM : 13210553

Jenis – Jenis Tenses

Pengertian, Contoh, dan Jenis Jenis Tenses

Melanjutkan pembahasan tentang pengertian modul, kali ini akan kita ulas mengenai pengertian tenses dan apa itu jenis jenis tenses yang ada. Yang mana macam tenses ada beberapa kelompok, untuk lebih jelasnya akan kita bahas satu persatu. Tenses merupakan perubahan kata kerja dalam kalimat yang berhubungan dengan waktu.

Di dalam bahasa Inggris ada beberapa jenis tenses yang digunakan, yaitu:

1. Present Tense

a. Simple Present Tense

POLA: S + V1

S + is / am / are + C

Fungsinya adalah:

Menyatakan kebenaran umum, contoh:
The sun rises in the east.
A square has four equal sides.

Menyatakan kebiasaan, misalnya:
I usually get up at 4 o’clock every morning.
Ana takes shower everyday.

Menyatakan keadaan pada saat sekarang, misalnya:
Lucy is beautiful.
Prof. Arnold is a wise teacher.

Keterangan waktu : every day, every week, every month, today, at night, tonight, once a week, in the morning, generally, usually, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, now days, habitually, frequently.

b. Present Continuous Tense

POLA : S + has/ have + been + V-ing

Fungsinya adalah:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada saat sekarang.
Desi and Yuni are talking and drinking in Java Café right now.
Sarah is studying in her bedroom now.

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi di sekitar saat sekarang/terjadi pada suatu periode.
The students are studying English this year.
Dody is building his own house.

Menanyakan situasi yang berubah
Is your English getting better?
The populations of the world is rising very fast.

Keterangan waktu : right now, at present, now, at this moment, today, this morning, this afternoon, this evening, tonight

c. Present Perfect Tense

POLA : S + has/ have + V3

S + has/ have + been + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang tela terjadi (akibatnya masih ada sampai sekarang)
I have published my book.
She has finished writing her thesis.
Dery has been in Indonesia since last year.

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang tidak akan pernah/ belumm dilakukan dalam suatu periode waktu dan berlanjut sampai sekarang
I have never smoked.
She hasn’t written to me for nearly six months.
As a professional doctor, he has never made a mistake.

Keterangan waktu: for, since, today, recently, already, yet, lately, so far, ever, never, these years.

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA: S + has/ have + been + V-_ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang telah dan sedang terjadi.
Fanny has been working here for three years.
They have been studying English in America since last year.
I have been waiting for you for over an hour.

Note: Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense mempunyai cirri-ciri yang sama. Perbedaanya adalah: pada Present Perfect Tense peristiwa/aktivitas sudah berakhir sedangkan pasa Present Perfect Continuous Tense peristiwa/aktivitasnya belum berakhir.

2. Past Tense

a. Simple Past Tense

POLA : S + V-₂

S + was / were + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang terjadi di waktu lampau.
I typed a letter yesterday.
I went to Baron beach last week.
I met a foreign tourist last month.

Keterangan waktu: yesterday, last night, last week, last month, last year, the day before yesterday.

b. Past Continuous Tense

POLA: S + was/ were + V-_ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau aktivitas yang sedang terjadi di suatu waktu lampau.
I was studying when my mother came.
Erna was taking a bath when the bell rang.

Keterangan waktu: all – (day), at – (five o’clock), last- (Sunday) then, that moment.

c. Past Perfect Tense

POLA: S + had + V₃

S + had + been + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau aktivitas yang telah terjadi di waktu lampau atau menyatakan peristiwa/ aktivitas yang telah terjadi sebelum peristiwa yang lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
Wulan had taken a baht when I came to pick her up.
Miss Retno went home after she had finished her teaching.

Keterangan waktu: when/before + clause (past), just, already.

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA: S + had + been + V-_ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang telah dan sedang terjadi di waktu lampau atau menyatakan peristiwa yang telah dimulai dan masih berlangsung ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
Dhea had been taking a bath for ten minutes when I came to pick her up.
Kaka had been playing badminton for two hours when it suddenly reained hard yesterday.

Keterangan waktu : for, since, when + clause (past)

3. Future Tense

a. Simple Future Tense

POLA: S + will + V₁

S + be going to + V₁

Fungsi:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas di waktu yang akan datang.
1) Penggunaan BE GOING TO
a) Aktivitas yang terencana
b) Hal-hal yang sebelumnya sudah diketahui.
c) Ada tanda-tanda
d) Pembicara (Speaker) yakin bahwa suatu peristiwa akan terjadi.
Misalnya:
• Look! It’s cloudy. It’s going to rain.
• I know that my parents are very busy now. I am going to help them.

2) Penggunaan WILL
a) Mengungkapkan kemauan
• I am very tired. I will take a rest soon.
• I am very sleep. I will have an early night.
b) Menawarkan sesuatu
• That’s look heave. I’ll help you with it.
• I’ll lend you some money.
c) Menyatakan janji
• I won’t tell her what you said.
• I promise I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive.
d) Menyuruh seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu
• Will you please be quiet?
• Will you close the door, please?
e) Menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang diputuskan pada saat berbicara.
• “did you phone Harmonie?”
• “Oh, I forgot. I’ll do it now.”
f) Untuk menyatakan prediksi, WILL dan BE GOING TO dapat digunakan.
• Be carefull! You’ll hurt yourself.
• Be careful. You’re going to hurt yourself.

Keterangan waktu : tomorrow, later, soon, next seek/month/year, the day after tomorrow.

b. Future Continuous Tense

POLA: S + will + be + V_-ing

Fungsi:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang akan sedang dilakukan (di waktu yang akan datang). Tense ini biasanya ditandai keterangan waktu tertentu.
I’ll be teaching at nine o’clock tomorrow morning.
At this next month, I’ll be having graduation ceremony.

Keterangan waktu:
At this time, next week/ month
When S + v1

c. Future Perfect Tense

POLA: S + will + have + V₃

S + will + have + been + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang akan telah terjadi (di waktu yang akan datang).
I will have finished my study by the end of this month.

Keterangan waktu : by, by then, by the time--, by the end of ---, before the end of this week/ month/ year, before + clause (present), before + clause (present)

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA: S + will + have + been + V-_ing
Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang akan, telah, dan sedang terjadi (di waktu yang akan datang)
Brandon will have been working in the United States for five years by the end of the month.
Fay will have been teaching for an hour by the tome you come tomorrow morning.

Keterangan waktu : by--, for --, by the end of this week/ month/ year, by the time --.

Contoh Apology Letter (Surat Permintaan Maaf Bahasa Inggris)

68 Pine Zaggat Lane

Hampervile, NE 25385

January 5, 2005

Dear Jolene,

I am sorry about forgetting about our lunch date. It was completely my fault; I was so busy at work that it must have slipped my mind. How about I treat you to lunch next Wednesday at the new Italian restaurant Julie's at 12:30PM? I have marked this date in my planner so I will not forget about it. I'd just like to apologize again for missing the lunch date.

Your Friend,

Signature

Contoh Business Letter (Surat Bisnis Bahasa Inggris)

1. Contoh business letter (Block Format)

3519 Front Street
Mount Celebres, CA 65286

October 5, 2004

Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765 Berliner Plaza
Industrial Point, CA 68534

Dear Ms. Johnson:

It has come to my attention that your company, The Cooking Store has been late with paying their invoices for the past three months.
In order to encourage our customers to pay for their invoices before the due date, we have implemented a discount model where we'll give you 2% off your invoice if you pay us within 10 days of receiving the invoice.
I hope that everything is going well for you and your company. You are one of our biggest customers, and we appreciate your business. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Signature
Bob Powers

Accounts Receivable

2. Contoh Business Letter (Modified Block Format)

3519 Front Street
Mount Celebres, CA 65286

October 5, 2004

Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765 Berliner Plaza
Industrial Point, CA 68534

Dear Ms. Johnson:

Sincerely,

Signature

Bob Powers

Accounts Receivable

3. Contoh Business Letter (Semi-block Format)

3519 Front Street
Mount Celebres, CA 65286

October 5, 2004

Ms. Betty Johnson
Accounts Payable
The Cooking Store
765 Berliner Plaza
Industrial Point, CA 68534

Dear Ms. Johnson:

It has come to my attention that your company, The Cooking Store has been late with paying their invoices for the past three months.

In order to encourage our customers to pay for their invoices before the due date, we have implemented a discount model where we'll give you 2% off your invoice if you pay us within 10 days of receiving the invoice.

I hope that everything is going well for you and your company. You are one of our biggest customers, and we appreciate your business. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Signature

Bob Powers

Accounts Receivable

Contoh Complaint Letter (Surat Pengaduan)

65 Market Street
Val Haven, CT 95135

June 30, 2004

Customer Service
Cool Sports, LLC
8423 Green Terrace Road
Asterville, WA 65435

Dear Sir or Madam:

I have recently ordered a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) from your website on June 21. I received the order on June 26. Unfortunately, when I opened it, I saw that the cleats were used. The cleats had dirt all over it and there was a small tear in front of the part where the left toe would go. My order number is AF26168156.

To resolve the problem, I would like you to credit my account for the amount charged for my cleats; I have already went out and bought a new pair of cleats at my local sporting goods store so sending another would result in me having two pairs of the same cleats.

Than you for taking the time to read this letter. I have been a satisfied customer of your company for many years and this is the first time I have encountered a problem. If you need to contact me, you can reach me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Signature

Ken Thomas

Contoh Invitation Letter (Surat Undangan Bahasa Inggris)

Lockwood Middle School
307 Main Street
Lockwood, NJ 51686

December 10, 2008

Mrs. Jody Coling
President
Lockwood Health Association
23 Main Street
Lockwood, NJ

Dear Mrs. Coling:

My name is Susan Harris and I am writing on behalf of the students at Lockwood Middle School.

A significant amount of the students at the school have been working on a project which relates to the unemployment problem within the youth demographic of Lockwood. You are invited to attend a presentation that will be held within the media room of the school where a variety of proposals that will demonstrate the ability of the community to develop employment opportunities for the youth within the community.

At the presentation, there will be several students receiving awards which will recognize them within the community from the Mayor. Refreshments will also be available at the presentation.

As one of the prominent figures in the community, we would be honored by your attendance. Our special presentation will be held at our school auditorium on January 16th. Please reply by Monday the 9th of January to confirm your attendance to the function.

We look forward to seeing you there,

Sincerely,

Signature

Ms. Susan Harris
_________________________________

Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja Bahasa Inggris (Job Application Letter)

May 28, 2010

THE HUMAN RESOURCES & ADMINISTRATION HEAD
Inara Lightings, Ltd.
Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am writing to explore the possibility of employment as Document Controller in your reputable firm. I am a Computer Science graduate of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. I bring with me several years of experience as information systems analyst of leading companies that include Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc.

My strong computer skills, knowledge of modern word processing software, and project management tools are but some of the things that make me an asset to your company.

Attached is my resume for your perusal. Should you require any further information, I can be reached at 632-555-1234 (during regular business hours), or at 632-555-6789 (during regular business hours).

Sincerely,
(signed)
RINI ROSYIDAH

contoh surat lamaran kerja dalam bahasa inggris

Format di atas terdiri dari 9 bagian utama yaitu :

1. Header : Meliputi data diri anda atau data personal, hal ini bersifat tidak wajib anda dapat meletakkannya atau tidak di dalam surat lamaran dan tidak menjadi masalah. Namun header yang memuat data pribadi ini akan membuat anda lebih profesional. Untuk membuat header ini lebih profesional anda mungkin dapat mempelajaricontoh kop surat yang menjelaskan penulisan format header yang baik.

2. Tujuan : Memuat kepada siapa anda menulis surat tersebut, tulis alamat perusahaan dengan lengkap

3. Salam Pembuka

4. Sumber informasi lowongan kerja, anda dapat menyebutkan dari mana anda mendapatkan informasi lowongan tersebut

5. Uraian singkat ketertarikan anda terhadap pekerjaan tersebut

6. Uraian singkat mengenai diri anda, uraian detil dapat anda lampirkan dalam contoh CV yang anda buat.

7. Harapan dan penutup

8. Penutup, yang meliputi tanda tangan dan nama

9. Lampiran

Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris Yang Baik

Setelah mengikuti format surat di atas ada baiknya anda memastikan tips dan contoh surat lamaran kerja dalam bahasa inggris yang anda tulis memiliki kriteria baik.

· Pemilihan grammar

· Lampiran yang menyertainya

· Alasan mengapa anda tertarik pada pekerjaan tersebut harus anda sertakan

· Jika anda telah memiliki pengalaman, ceritakan sedikit pengalaman anda pada point 5 atau 6 sesuai format di atas.

Contoh surat lamaran kerja dalam bahasa inggris yang baik dan benar akan mempermudah anda untuk dipanggil untuk tahap selanjutnya yaitu wawancara kerja dan psikotes kerja. Semoga anda diterima di perusahaan idaman dan pekerjaan idaman anda.

Daftar Pustaka

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-apology-letter-surat-permintaan.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2011/11/sample-of-business-letter.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/02/contoh-complaint-letter-surat-pengaduan.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-invitation-letter-surat-undangan.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/01/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-bahasa.html

http://blogging.co.id/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-dalam-bahasa-inggris-terbaru